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RFID, (standing for” radio frequency identification), are devices with small tags that are attached to products in stores, as anti-theft devices. They can also be implanted in pets or vehicles so that owners can locate them easily.
The typical current bar code contains a maximum of only 100 bytes of information, while an RFID tag can contain up to 80 times more. A bar code is typically limited to the product code, but the RFID tags contain individual item numbers.
The chips do not need their own power since get all they need from the radio waves reaching them from the RFID reader. Like super-powered bar codes, they are read at a distance and even through walls. Supply-chain management is now being revolutionized as bar codes did 30 years ago.
RFID HISTORY
The first true RFID was a passive radio transponder with memory invented in 1973 by Cardillo. That same year Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory developed the RFID tags, which quickly gained attention because of their ability to track moving objects.
The use of RFID in tracking and access applications first appeared in Britain in 1939 , and still used today, to identify aircraft as friendly or unfriendly ("identify friend or foe" (IFF).
HOW RFID WORKS
A very small size, electronic identification tag, responds to a reader with an identification code unique to the object to which the tag is attached. It responds to a reader signal by storing energy received from the signal. This stored energy generates another encoded signal with its identification information. The reader generates RF energy which can reach many tags over a distance of several yards.
THE PURPOSE OF RFID
A RFID system allows data to be sent by a mobile device, called a tag, read by an RFID reader, and processed. The data sent by the tag provides identification or location information, or specifics about the product or person tagged.
In a typical RFID system, an object is tagged with a transponder having a digital memory chip and a unique electronic product code. The interrogator, an antenna p with a transceiver and decoder, sends a signal activating the RFID tag so it can read and write data to it. When an RFID tag passes through the electromagnetic zone, it detects the reader's activation signal. The reader decodes the data encoded in the tag's integrated circuit (silicon chip) and the data is passed to the host computer. The application software on the host processes the data.
MEDICAL USES
In 2004, the FDA approves the VeriChip as a medical device. The chips are a type of radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag, containing a computer chip encoded with a unique identification number and a tiny antenna. To read the tag, a scanner emitting radio waves is waved over the chip. The antenna detects it, and generates a tiny electrical current into the chip and powers the tag to beam back a radio signal that reveals its ID number.
Implanted Patient identification systems can now link patients to electronic health care records, linking the medical records, and sending information about the patient’s vital signs to the doctor. The chips rooted in the skin can be used to pull up a patient's personal and medical records from a secure database, proving useful when, for example, someone is unconscious or has numerous records at different clinics that must be pulled together in an emergency.
Patients with chronic illnesses or who have difficulty communicating, are candidates for this implant This VeriChip implant is not encrypted nor secure from medical information leaking out. A cloned chip would give a criminal access to your health insurance and all your medical files.
The VeriChip is the only RFID approved by the FDA for human tagging. It has a microchip and a small antenna embedded in glass, wrapped with Biobond to prevent it from moving inside the body. It is only 12 mm long, twice the length of a grain of rice, and is inserted under the skin, with a 12-gauge needle. It has a 16-digit ID number that is cross-referenced with a database, giving hospitals all the information they need in an emergency.
People with mental health problems but who are deemed suitable for integration within the community can be tagged and monitored.
In the USA millions of babies and their mothers are already tagged and matched to avoid mismatching, as well as babies being stolen. This system currently uses external RFIDs rather than internal human tags.
Arrhythmias. Thin tubes (catheters) are inserted, under X-ray guidance, into the blood vessels and directed toward the heart muscle. Directing radiofrequency currents through the catheters to alter the structure of the heart’s atrium, destroying the heart muscle cells that cause the arrhythmia, performs Radiofrequency catheter ablation. Often the patient can later stop their anti-arrhythmic drugs.
Unconscious patients are candidates for implantable chips, linking them to their medical record in a way that would allow them to be treated without anyone being there to tell the doctors what was wrong,"
Lost sponges, RFID tagged, can now be found in the operating room.
Medical Alert bracelets are redesigned to carry much more information than the old, medical ID tags that carried a few short, concise, pieces of information: patient name, condition (e.g. "epilepsy,”), and sometimes, an emergency contact. The embedded digital ID tag is read, and links the patient to online medical history and automatically contacts the patient's emergency contact by placing a phone call to them. It would let them know the patient is unwell, and that their records have been accessed.
NON-MEDICAL USES
Most of you are unaware that you are already using RFID tags: in security badges that allow access to buildings, or in keys that communicate with a car to allow only the driver in.
Microchips are turning up in some computer printers, car keys and tires, on shampoo bottles and department store clothing tags.
RFID tags are already routinely implanted in pets, so they can be identified if lost.
Currently RFID tagged library books can be detected, checked out, returned, sorted, integrated into bins and ready to put back on the shelves.
Payment cards (such as American Express' "Blue" and Exxon Mobil’s "Speed pass) are RFID tagged.
POPULATION CONTROL: The Chinese have spent $6 billion to tag one billion of their citizens. Each cardholder has encoded the health and reproductive history, employment, religion, and ethnicity, name and even phone number of their landlord. It allows the Chinese government to control its growing population.
PASSPORTS: Many countries, including the U.S., recording the travel history, entries and exits, of the cardholder, are now RFID PASSPORTS. The chips store the same information that is printed within the passport and include a digital picture of the owner. The passports incorporate a thin metal lining to make it more difficult for unauthorized readers to "skim" information when the passport is closed. Fingerprints are now being added to the personal information.
POLICE officers have a chip implanted that is matched to an RFID in their weapons so that the guns become jammed if anybody else tries to use them. Some people have already been tagged. The Attorney General of Mexico and some of his staff had chips implanted to limit access to a secure room.
Millions of countless credit and ATM cards and employee access badges now contain RFID tags.
The chips are used at sea ports to track goods shipped from manufacturers to their destination, helping them keep precise track of where items are and avoid them being mislaid in warehouses.
New driver licenses are issued now in states bordering Canada and Mexico with the RFID tags. They are read through your wallet as far as 30 feet away. The tags have a tiny microchip with and unique ID number. A reader device sends radio energy out to an antenna connected to your ID chip emitting the ID number. This is then fed to a Homeland Security database, with your photo and other details.
FUTURE USES OF RFID
The following patents tell the future uses of RFIDs.
IBM in 2006 got a patent permit to track and profile people. It is called Identification and Tracking of Persons:. Networked RFID readers called person tracing units would virtually be everywhere you go, in mall, airports, elevators, trains, airplane, sports arenas, theaters and libraries to monitor you movements Your personal ID would be obtained when you used your credit card. Once a link between your unique RFID number and your personal identity is united with your credit card, it would be a proxy for you forever. A Gen 2 inventory scanner also can now read the new drivers.
US PATENT #7253716 - granted in 2007 for Trackable pills with electronic ID tags
A medical pill intended for human or animal consumption includes an RF ID tag in or on the pill. The tag will respond to a nearby reader, the tag itself being without a battery or other constant power supply, capturing power from the reader's transmitted signal and storing a portion of that power in a power supply. An antenna for the RF ID tag may be integral with the tag or it may be transferred to the pill using conductive materials in the pill's coating, filler or binding agents, embedded within the pill, or printed onto the pill. If separate from the tag the antenna is electromagnetically coupled.
CONCLUSIONS
As you see, more invasive uses for these tags are in the works. With the technology now refined, the chips might ultimately find a use to compulsorily tag and track patient, prisoners, immigrants, or visitors to our country.
No one seems quite sure who is in charge of regulating RFID usage. With $20 billion dollars allocated to electronic medical records, I am sure RFID will be utilized to its extreme. Is your privacy being invaded in the name of medical progress and homeland security?
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